Establishment and application of an intelligent treating method for oil spill identification     

TAN Liju  ZHAO Ruxiang  YIN Xiaonan  ZHANG Haijiang  WANG Jiangtao 《海洋学报(英文版)》2018,37(11):116-122

In the identifying process of an oil spill accident, manual integral and artificial visual comparison are commonly used at present to determine the oil spill sources, these methods are time-consuming and easily affected by human factors. Therefore, it is difficult to achieve the purpose of rapid identification of an oil spill accident. In this paper, an intelligent method of automatic recognition, integration and calculation of diagnostic ratio of Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometer (GC/MS) spectrum are established. Firstly, four hundreds of samples collected around the world were analyzed using a standard method and Retention time locking technology (RTL) was applied to reduce the change of retention time of GC/MS spectrum. Secondly, the automatic identification, integration of n-alkanes, biomarker compounds, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and calculation of the diagnostic ratios were realized by MATLAB software. Finally, a database of oil fingerprints were established and applied successfully in a spill oil accident. Based on the new method and database, we could acquire the diagnostic ratios of an oil sample and find out the suspected oil within a few minutes. This method and database can improve the efficiency in spilled oil identification.  相似文献   

黄土河谷场地地形放大效应的研究     

王良  卢育霞  马林伟  孔德政 《大地测量与地球动力学》2018,38(2):167-171

使用黄土河谷场地模型对地震动峰值加速度和频谱特征进行研究。结果表明，不同工况下各观测点PGA的放大比呈现出不同的变化规律。分析山顶和山谷各点的傅里叶谱以及谱比发现，在地形和土层共同作用下的放大效应是各自单独作用下放大效应的乘积。  相似文献   

黄海典型漂浮大型藻类光谱特征分析   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

安德玉  邢前国  魏振宁  李琳 《海洋与湖沼》2018,49(5):1054-1060

利用实测高光谱和多光谱相机数据对在黄海海域采集的浒苔和马尾藻样本进行光谱特征分析。结果显示:漂浮大型藻类的高光谱反射率均值(Rmean_H)与多光谱反射率均值(Rmean_M)、高光谱藻类指数(VB-FAHH)与多光谱藻类指数(VB-FAHM)之间的相对误差小于15.6%,说明这两种数据具有较好的一致性;基于光谱特征波长的反射率建立比值光谱指数,其中浒苔和马尾藻的差异最为明显的是R640/R554指数;基于多光谱相机计算反射谷深度指数(T-depth),采用阈值法来区分浒苔和马尾藻,T-depth阈值的区分精度分别为69.6%±30.0%和69.6%±24.3%,稍优于虚拟基线漂浮藻类指数(VB-FAH)阈值的区分精度。  相似文献   

Extracting water-related features using reflectance data and principal component analysis of Landsat images     

Boglárka Balázs  Tibor Bíró  Gareth Dyke  Sudhir Kumar Singh 《水文科学杂志》2018,63(2):269-284

This study aimed to map water features using a Landsat image rather than traditional land cover. We involved the original bands, spectral indices and principal components (PCs) of a principal component analysis (PCA) as input data, and performed random forest (RF) and support vector machine (SVM) classification with water, saturated soil and non-water categories. The aim was to compare the efficiency of the results based on various input data. Original bands provided 93% overall accuracy (OA) and bands 4–5–7 were the most informative in this analysis. Except for MNDWI (modified normalized differenced water index, with 98% OA), the performance of all water indices was between 60 and 70% (OA). The PCA-based approach conducted on the original bands resulted in the most accurate identification of all classes (with only 1% error in the case of water bodies). We therefore show that both water bodies and saturated soils can be identified successfully using this approach.  相似文献   

基于比值均方根的杨氏模量反演方法          下载免费PDF全文

宋建国  郭毓  冉然 《地球物理学报》2018,61(4):1508-1518

杨氏模量和泊松比是表征岩石脆性、评价储层可压性以及描述储层流体特征的重要参数，叠前地震反演是从地震数据中得到此类参数的有效手段.常规的叠前地震反演方法多使用Zeopppritz方程的近似式计算反射系数，近似式的误差影响了反演结果的精度.针对这个问题，推导了比值均方根形式的杨氏模量、泊松比和密度的Zoeppritz方程，并基于广义线性反演构建了杨氏模量和泊松比直接反演方法，有效地避免了使用近似式的局限性，提高了反演的精度.模型测试和实际资料试算结果表明：采用比值均方根形式构建的反演流程稳定，能够从叠前地震数据中获得可信的杨氏模量、泊松比和密度，提供了一种可靠的杨氏模量和泊松比直接反演方法.  相似文献   

下扬子及周边地区深部泊松比结构及深部动力过程约束研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1       下载免费PDF全文

张昌榕  张贵宾  江国明  吕庆田  徐峣 《地球物理学报》2018,61(11):4418-4435

下扬子及周边地区存在着丰富的地质构造和多金属矿产资源，其深部结构和动力学过程已成为地学界研究的热点.为了更好地讨论下扬子及周边地区的深部动力学过程和岩浆活动机制，本文基于均匀网格层析成像方法提出了非均匀网格远震层析成像方法，利用大量的天然地震相对走时残差数据反演获得了下扬子及周边地区深至700 km范围内的三维S波和P波速度结构，并根据纵横波的比值关系计算出泊松比异常.由于S波速度比P波对流体的反应更加敏感，所以泊松比异常反映了物质是否包含流体或者物质的软硬、冷热程度.本研究结果显示：（1）长江中下游成矿带下方的上地幔内存在明显的高泊松比异常，而地幔过渡带内则存在明显的低泊松比异常；（2）大别造山带及其南侧的中扬子地块的上地幔中下部及地幔过渡带内都存在明显低泊松比异常，且呈现东深西浅的空间分布特征.结合已有的地质、地球物理和地球化学等资料，我们认为长江中下游成矿带下方的地幔过渡带内滞留着古太平洋俯冲板块，其上地幔内则赋存着软的上地幔热物质，为深部成矿提供了热量或幔源物质.因此，古太平洋板块的俯冲对长江中下游成矿带的形成发挥了至关重要的作用.  相似文献   

Assessment of soil erosion in a monsoon-dominated mountain river basin in India using RUSLE-SDR and AHP   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

Jobin Thomas  Sabu Joseph  K. P. Thrivikramji 《水文科学杂志》2018,63(4):542-560

The long-term average annual soil loss (A) and sediment yield (SY) in a tropical monsoon-dominated river basin in the southern Western Ghats, India (Muthirapuzha River Basin, MRB; area: 271.75 km²), were predicted by coupling the Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation (RUSLE) and sediment delivery ratio (SDR) models. Moreover, the study also delineated soil erosion risk zones based on the soil erosion potential index (SEPI) using the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) technique. Mean A of the basin is 14.36 t ha^?1 year^?1, while mean SY is only 3.65 t ha^?1 year^?1. Although the land use/land cover types with human interference show relatively lower A compared to natural vegetation, their higher SDR values reflect the significance of anthropogenic activities in accelerated soil erosion. The soil erosion risk in the MRB is strongly controlled by slope, land use/land cover and relative relief, compared to geomorphology, drainage density, stream frequency and lineament frequency.  相似文献   

Modeling spatially correlated spectral accelerations at multiple periods using principal component analysis and geostatistics     

《地震工程与结构动力学》2018,47(5):1107-1123

Regional seismic risk assessments and quantification of portfolio losses often require simulation of spatially distributed ground motions at multiple intensity measures. For a given earthquake, distributed ground motions are characterized by spatial correlation and correlation between different intensity measures, known as cross‐correlation. This study proposes a new spatial cross‐correlation model for within‐event spectral acceleration residuals that uses a combination of principal component analysis (PCA) and geostatistics. Records from 45 earthquakes are used to investigate earthquake‐to‐earthquake trends in application of PCA to spectral acceleration residuals. Based on the findings, PCA is used to determine coefficients that linearly transform cross‐correlated residuals to independent principal components. Nested semivariogram models are then fit to empirical semivariograms to quantify the spatial correlation of principal components. The resultant PCA spatial cross‐correlation model is shown to be accurate and computationally efficient. A step‐by‐step procedure and an example are presented to illustrate the use of the predictive model for rapid simulation of spatially cross‐correlated spectral accelerations at multiple periods.  相似文献   

基于FEA的填充墙与隔震器协同抗震系统性能分析          下载免费PDF全文

李然 《地震工程学报》2018,40(5):891-896

隔震器与填充墙对建筑抗震性能有很大作用。为了探究填充墙布置形式及填充材料和隔震器协同作用对钢筋混凝土框架结构动力特性及抗震性能的影响,采用等效斜撑理论,对3种不同填充墙布置形式与隔震器协同作用的抗震系统方案进行对比分析,研究发现顶层不布置填充墙与隔震器协同抗震系统钢筋混凝土框架结构的抗震性能最佳。在此系统上分析了不同填充材料对钢筋混凝土框架结构抗震性能的影响,结果表明,加气混凝土砌块填充墙的钢筋混凝土框架结构抗震性能最好。  相似文献   

薄分子云湍流结构函数的倾角改正及其应用          下载免费PDF全文

钱磊 《天文学报》2021,62(1):7-87

通过结构函数可以测量湍流的能量级联速率.在实际观测中,无法测量分子云中气体的3维速度,这使得其湍流结构函数难以测量.对垂直于视线方向的薄分子云的情形,结构函数Stt2可以通过云核速度弥散(core velocity dispersion,CVD)进行测量,CVD2=1/2Stt2.对此进行推广,对于不垂直于视线方向的薄分子云,CVD2=1/2Stt2(1-1/8cos2θ)R2/3,其中,θ是视线方向与投影方向的夹角,平均投影距离与3维距离之比R可以用第2类椭圆积分E(k,φ)表示为R=2/πE(cosθ,π/2).  相似文献